Tras lo que se ha convenido en llamar la época dorada del capitalismo (1950-1975), y a pesar de dos importantes crisis petrolÃferas, los patrones de movilidad de las sociedades de los paÃses desarrollados no se han visto gravemente modificadas, más al contrario, esta tendencia se ha ido incrementando.
De hecho, las distancias que recorremos siguen aumentando, y el medio preferido de transporte sigue siendo el coche, cuya ocupación media difÃcilmente se acerca a su máximo.
Sin embargo, la coyuntura económica actual, marcada, no lo olvidemos, por un fuerte endeudamiento del sector privado y de las familias, hace que nos replanteemos estos patrones. Por supuesto, la labor de concienciación medioambiental que diversos organismos, instituciones han venido llevando a cabo también ha jugado un papel importante en este reposicionamiento de planteamientos.
Por supuesto, antes de llevar a cabo medidas que modifiquen estos patrones de comportamiento, conviene conocer al detalle cuál es la situación actual en lo que se refiere a los costes del transporte.
En una infografÃa presentada hoy mismo por un marca de alquiler de coches se han analizado estos costes, empezando por el que supondrá un mayor desembolso, la adquisición del propio vehÃculo. Los tres más populares en España, el SEAT Ibiza, el Renault Megane y el Citroën C4, en sus versiones más básicas y con motor de gasolina, se mueven en un horquilla de precio que va desde los 14.650 euros hasta los 17.500 euros. Hay que tener en cuenta, que según Eurostat, los ingresos medios de una familia española se sitúan ligeramente por encima de los 24.000 euros, lo que significa que, de media, una familia española dedica más del 60% de sus potenciales ingresos anuales a la compra de un vehÃculo.
El otro gran gasto, y al que en España somos especialmente sensibles, es el precio de la gasolina que nos gastaremos, de media, en recorrer un kilómetro. Por supuesto este coste está directamente asociado al consumo del vehÃculo, y resulta curioso comprobar como, el segmento que mejor ha aguantado la debacle del sector automovilÃstico, los SUV, es el que, con diferencia, mayor coste asociado tiene.
Por último, esta marca de alquiler de vehÃculo expone un ratio que resulta revelador para conocer la eficiencia energética de los desplazamientos, los gramos de dióxido de carbono por pasajero dependiendo de los diferentes medios de transporte.
El gran ganador de esta comparativa ha resultado ser el autobús, que no por más tradicional deja de ser menos eficiente. Resulta especialmente curiosa la enorme diferencia existente con el ciclomotor, que resulta poco eficiente si lo comparamos con el autobús, cuyo consumo puede triplicar al de un coche medio con motor diesel, pero que en cambio es capaz de multiplicar por 10 el número de personas transportadas.
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